Journal: Journal of Biomedical Science

Article Title: Decoy receptor 3: an endogenous immunomodulator in cancer growth and inflammatory reactions

doi: 10.1186/s12929-017-0347-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mechanisms of DcR3.Fc-mediated immunomodulation. a DcR3 modulates the activation and differentiation of myeloid cells via HSPGs. DcR3.Fc triggers downstream signaling via syndecan-2 and CD44v3 on monocytes to influence monocyte differentiation into dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (Mϕ). DcR3-treated DC skews allogenic T cell differentiation into Th2 phenotype, while DcR3-treated Mϕ displays typical M2 markers, and is able to enhance tumor growth and tissue repairing. b DcR3 modulates B cell activation via a yet-identified ligand on B cells. DcR3.Fc suppresses TLR2 ligand (Pam3CSK4) and Staphylococcus aureus cowan (SAC) strain-induced B cell activation via binding non-HSPG ligand(s) on B cells

Article Snippet: The discrepancy may due to the different composition of recombinant DcR3.Fc proteins, as the DcR3.Fc (from Enzo® Life Science) does not contain a segment of peptide located in the C-terminus of human DcR3 [ ].

Techniques: Activation Assay, Cell Differentiation, Binding Assay

Journal: Journal of Biomedical Science

Article Title: Decoy receptor 3: an endogenous immunomodulator in cancer growth and inflammatory reactions

doi: 10.1186/s12929-017-0347-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Autocrine loop of DcR3-mediated immunomodulation. Endogenous DcR3 is induced in cancer cells or keratinocytes by various stimuli, including UV, sex hormone, viruses, and cytokines. Endogenous DcR3 enhances tumor migration, metastasis, growth, and resistance to chemotoxicity in tumor cells. DcR3 is also upregulated in psoriatic lesions and impairs keratinocyte differentiation. Aberrant expression of DcR3 and DcR3 variants are observed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and asthma

Article Snippet: The discrepancy may due to the different composition of recombinant DcR3.Fc proteins, as the DcR3.Fc (from Enzo® Life Science) does not contain a segment of peptide located in the C-terminus of human DcR3 [ ].

Techniques: Migration, Expressing

Journal: Head & Neck

Article Title: Anti‐oral cancer effects of triptolide by downregulation of DcR3 in vitro, in vivo, and in preclinical patient‐derived tumor xenograft model

doi: 10.1002/hed.25554

Figure Lengend Snippet: DcR3 is a potential novel diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Kaplan‐Meier curve compares the overall survival of cancer with high‐level or low‐level DcR3 protein products. Samples with immunohistochemistry (IHC) scores ≥4 were defined as having high DcR3 expression [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]

Article Snippet: The membranes were then probed using specific antibodies against DcR3 (#4758, Cell signaling), MTA1 (A300‐911A, BETHYL), and GAPDH (LF‐PA0018, LabFrontier, Korea).

Techniques: Diagnostic Assay, Marker, Immunohistochemistry, Expressing

Journal: Head & Neck

Article Title: Anti‐oral cancer effects of triptolide by downregulation of DcR3 in vitro, in vivo, and in preclinical patient‐derived tumor xenograft model

doi: 10.1002/hed.25554

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overexpression of DcR3 in oral cancer. A, Positive cytosol immunostaining of DcR3 in normal mucosa and oral cancer tissues. B, Quantitative polymerase chain reaction results from oral cancer tissues ( n = 30 patients) and their matched adjacent normal mucosal tissues ( n = 8 patients). C, DcR3 mRNA expression in human tongue cancer. Data were obtained from NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus profiles ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geoprofiles ; Reporter: GDS4562). D, DcR3 protein in three tongue cancer cell lines was determined through Western blot analysis. Normal human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells were used as negative control. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]

Article Snippet: The membranes were then probed using specific antibodies against DcR3 (#4758, Cell signaling), MTA1 (A300‐911A, BETHYL), and GAPDH (LF‐PA0018, LabFrontier, Korea).

Techniques: Over Expression, Immunostaining, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Gene Expression, Western Blot, Negative Control

Journal: Head & Neck

Article Title: Anti‐oral cancer effects of triptolide by downregulation of DcR3 in vitro, in vivo, and in preclinical patient‐derived tumor xenograft model

doi: 10.1002/hed.25554

Figure Lengend Snippet: Triptolide (TPL) inhibited tumor growth in DcR3‐overexpressing oral cancer patient‐derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) models. A, Changes in tumor volume in 134‐PDTX models ( n = 4) treated with TPL (0.15 mg/kg daily intraperitoneally) and phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) (vehicle control; n = 4) for 28 days. Tumor diameters were measured twice weekly for 28 days using Vernier calipers; tumor volume was calculated and compared with those of controls. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. B, Tumor mass was weighed after the mice were sacrificed. C, No significant change was observed in the body weight of the mice compared with that of the vehicle controls. D, Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry were performed after administration of TPL or PBS (vehicle control). The 134‐PDTX model stained positive for DcR3. E, The SAS xenograft model stained positive for DcR3. Immunodetectable proteins were stained brown; nuclei were counterstained blue. Original magnification: ×400 [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]

Article Snippet: The membranes were then probed using specific antibodies against DcR3 (#4758, Cell signaling), MTA1 (A300‐911A, BETHYL), and GAPDH (LF‐PA0018, LabFrontier, Korea).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Saline, Control, Staining, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Head & Neck

Article Title: Anti‐oral cancer effects of triptolide by downregulation of DcR3 in vitro, in vivo, and in preclinical patient‐derived tumor xenograft model

doi: 10.1002/hed.25554

Figure Lengend Snippet: Triptolide (TPL) decreased DcR3 expression in oral cancer. A, Assessment of cell proliferation and viability using the methylene blue assay in the three oral cancer cell lines treated with varying concentrations of TPL (0‐100 nM) or DMSO (1 μL/mL) for 24 and 48 hours. B, Western blot analysis for DcR3 after SAS cells were treated with TPL for 24 and 48 hours

Article Snippet: The membranes were then probed using specific antibodies against DcR3 (#4758, Cell signaling), MTA1 (A300‐911A, BETHYL), and GAPDH (LF‐PA0018, LabFrontier, Korea).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot

Journal: Head & Neck

Article Title: Anti‐oral cancer effects of triptolide by downregulation of DcR3 in vitro, in vivo, and in preclinical patient‐derived tumor xenograft model

doi: 10.1002/hed.25554

Figure Lengend Snippet: Triptolide (TPL) repressed MTA1 expression in oral cancer. A, Correlation analysis of DcR3 and MTA1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissue microarray. B, Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry were performed after administration of TPL or phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) (vehicle control). The 134‐PDTX and SAS xenograft models stained positive for MTA1. Immunodetectable proteins were stained brown; nuclei were counterstained blue. Original magnification: ×400. C, MTA1 protein in 3 tongue cancer cell lines was determined through Western blot analysis. Normal human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells were used as negative control. D, Western blot analysis for MTA1 after SAS cells were treated with TPL for 24 and 48 hours [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]

Article Snippet: The membranes were then probed using specific antibodies against DcR3 (#4758, Cell signaling), MTA1 (A300‐911A, BETHYL), and GAPDH (LF‐PA0018, LabFrontier, Korea).

Techniques: Expressing, Microarray, Staining, Immunohistochemistry, Saline, Control, Western Blot, Negative Control

Journal: Head & Neck

Article Title: Anti‐oral cancer effects of triptolide by downregulation of DcR3 in vitro, in vivo, and in preclinical patient‐derived tumor xenograft model

doi: 10.1002/hed.25554

Figure Lengend Snippet: MTA1 regulated DcR3 expression in SAS cancer cells. A, DcR3 expression decreased after introduction of shMTA1 in SAS cells. B, DcR3 was overexpressed after MTA1 was overexpressed, and was subsequently downregulated through triptolide (TPL) treatment in SAS cells. C, Addition of the DcR3‐overexpressed vector was not associated with changes in MTA1 expression in SAS cells

Article Snippet: The membranes were then probed using specific antibodies against DcR3 (#4758, Cell signaling), MTA1 (A300‐911A, BETHYL), and GAPDH (LF‐PA0018, LabFrontier, Korea).

Techniques: Expressing, Plasmid Preparation

Journal: Head & Neck

Article Title: Anti‐oral cancer effects of triptolide by downregulation of DcR3 in vitro, in vivo, and in preclinical patient‐derived tumor xenograft model

doi: 10.1002/hed.25554

Figure Lengend Snippet: Associated between DcR3 expression and multiple clinicopathological parameters in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)

Article Snippet: The membranes were then probed using specific antibodies against DcR3 (#4758, Cell signaling), MTA1 (A300‐911A, BETHYL), and GAPDH (LF‐PA0018, LabFrontier, Korea).

Techniques: Expressing